Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Fredrik Pacius

Friedrich Pacius

Germany

1809 – 1891 (81 years old)

German-born composer and conductor hailed as the 'Father of Finnish Music' who in 1848 set Runeberg's poem 'Maamme' (Vårt land) to music, creating the national anthems of both Finland and Estonia, and wrote the first Finnish opera.

Helsinki, Finland

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Music

Niels Gade

Niels Wilhelm Gade

Denmark

1817-02-22 – 1890-12-21 (73 years old)

Prominent Danish Romantic composer and conductor who led the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra alongside Felix Mendelssohn and founded the Royal Danish Academy of Music.

Copenhagen, Denmark

3 Full Record →

Social

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Resistance & Human Rights

César De Paepe

Belgium

1841-02-12 – 1890-12-19 (49 years old)

Revered 'Physician of the Poor' and foundational socialist theorist who co-founded the Belgian Workers' Party (POB) in 1885, advocating public health, state public services, and universal suffrage.

Uccle, Brussels, Belgium

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Sitting Bull

Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake

United States

c. 1831 – 15 December 1890 (~59 years old)

Hunkpapa Lakota holy man and political leader who united the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains in defense of the sacred Black Hills, leading resistance that resulted in the victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

Grand River, South Dakota, United States

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Music

Prophets & Divine Messengers

César Franck

César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck

Belgium

1822 – 1890 (67 years old)

Liège-born musical giant who became the revered patriarch of late nineteenth-century French Romantic music, renowned for his cyclic Symphony in D minor, the Violin Sonata in A major, and Panis Angelicus.

Paris, France

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Lalon Shah

লালন শাহ

Nepal

c. 1774 – 1890-10-17 (116 years old)

Spiritual saint, mystic philosopher, and supreme songwriter of the Baul tradition whose songs rejected religious sectarianism, caste, and dogma in favor of the 'Moner Manush' (The Person of the Heart).

Chheuriya, Kushtia, Bangladesh

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Humanitarian & Peace

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Religious Figures & Theologians

Catherine Booth (née Mumford)

Catherine Booth

Great Britain

1829 – 1890 (61 years old)

Cofondatrice de l'Armée du Salut surnommée « la Mère de l'Armée du Salut », pionnière de l'égalité absolue des femmes dans le ministère religieux et la lutte sociale.

Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom

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John Henry Newman

Great Britain

1801 – 1890 (89 years old)

Oxford Movement leader, cardinal, and theologian whose 'Apologia Pro Vita Sua', 'Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine', and 'Idea of a University' shaped modern theology.

Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Humanitarian & Peace

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Charles Loring Brace

United States

1826 – 1890 (64 years old)

Philanthrope américain, fondateur de la Children's Aid Society de New York et créateur du mouvement des Orphan Trains, pionnier du placement familial moderne.

Campiglio, Trentino, Italy

36 Full Record →

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Ivan Mažuranić

Croatia

1814-08-11 – 1890-08-04 (75 years old)

Acclaimed epic poet of 'The Death of Smail-aga Čengić' and visionary Ban of Croatia ('Ban Pučanin') who modernized public schooling, separated judicial and executive powers, and introduced freedom of the press.

Zagreb, Croatia

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Arts & Music

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Vincent Willem van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh

Netherlands

30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890 (37 years old)

Tragic Post-Impressionist visionary whose swirling, passionate impasto brushstrokes, incandescent emotional colors, and incandescent canvases (The Starry Night, Sunflowers) fundamentally created modern Expressionism.

Auvers-sur-Oise (Val-d'Oise), France

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Johann Voldemar Jannsen

Estonia

1819 – 1890 (71 years old)

Beloved cultural patriarch known as 'Papa Jannsen' who founded the first regular Estonian newspaper 'Perno Postimees', organized the first National Song Festival in 1869, and wrote the lyrics to the national anthem 'Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm'.

Tartu, Estonia

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Crowfoot

Issapóómahksika

Canada

c. 1830 – 1890 (60 years old)

Visionary Siksika leader who navigated the extinction of the buffalo, fostered peace with the North-West Mounted Police, and negotiated Treaty 7 in 1877.

Cluny (Alberta), Canada

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Art

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

Carl Bloch

Carl Heinrich Bloch

Denmark

1834-05-23 – 1890-02-22 (55 years old)

Foremost 19th-century Danish painter of historical drama and sacred art whose monumental cycle of twenty-three paintings of the Life of Christ in the King's Oratory at Frederiksborg Castle achieved worldwide reverence.

Copenhagen, Denmark

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Resistance & Human Rights

Kheireddine Pacha

خير الدين التونسي

Russia

c. 1822 – 1890 (68 years old)

Visionary Tunisian reformist statesman, president of the International Financial Commission, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1873–1877), and author of the celebrated treatise 'The Surest Path to Knowledge of the Conditions of Countries'.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Si Slimane Ben Ali

سي سليمان بن علي

Algeria

c. 1830 – c. 1890 (60 years old)

Senior war chief of the Ouled Sidi Cheikh who in April 1864 launched the massive southwestern Algerian uprising that decimated colonial military detachments.

El Bayadh, Algeria

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