Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Science

3

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Marie Krogh

Birthe Marie Jørgensen Krogh

Denmark

1874-12-25 – 1943-03-26 (68 years old)

Pioneering Danish physician and respiratory physiologist who co-developed the single-breath carbon monoxide diffusion technique and co-founded Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium.

Copenhagen, Denmark

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Arts & Music

8

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Messaoud El Médioni (Saoud l'Oranais)

مسعود المديوني (سعود الوهراني)

Algeria

1886 – 1943 (57 years old)

Legendary Jewish-Algerian master of Oranian Hawzi music, mentor of Reinette l'Oranaise, tragically murdered by the Nazis in the Sobibor death camp in 1943.

Oran (memorial), Algeria

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Art

2

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Gustav Vigeland

Adolf Gustav Thorsen Vigeland

Norway

1869-04-11 – 1943-03-03 (73 years old)

Colossal Norwegian sculptor who created the world's largest sculpture park made by a single artist—the Vigeland Installation in Frogner Park, featuring the Monolith and The Wheel of Life.

Oslo, Norway

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Humanitarian & Peace

32

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Alexandre Émile Jean Yersin

Alexandre Yersin

Switzerland

1863 – 1943 (79 years old)

Médecin et bactériologiste franco-suisse, découvreur du bacille de la peste (Yersinia pestis) et bienfaiteur vénéré de la population de Nha Trang au Vietnam.

Cam Lâm, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam

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History

0

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Kostis Palamas

Kostis Palamas

Greece

1859 – 1943 (84 years old)

Foremost Greek poet of the New Athenian School, Nobel nominee, and lyricist of the Olympic Hymn.

Athens, Greece

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Resistance & Human Rights

36

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Hans Scholl

Hans Fritz Scholl

Germany

22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943 (24 years old)

German medical student and founder of the anti-Nazi White Rose resistance group who witnessed war crimes on the Eastern Front and rallied student resistance against Hitler, shouting 'Long live freedom!' before his execution.

Stadelheim Prison, Munich, Germany

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Resistance & Human Rights

41

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Sophie Scholl

Sophia Magdalena Scholl

Germany

9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943 (21 years old)

German student and anti-Nazi resistance fighter who co-led the nonviolent intellectual resistance group 'The White Rose' (Weiße Rose), executed by guillotine at age 21 after distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of Munich.

Stadelheim Prison, Munich, Germany

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Sciences & Discovery

2,717

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David Hilbert

David Hilbert

Russia

1862 – 1943 (81 years old)

Colossal German mathematician whose 23 Problems set the agenda for 20th-century mathematics, creator of Hilbert space.

Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

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Arts & Music

36

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Sophie Taeuber-Arp

Sophie Henriette Gertrude Taeuber

Switzerland

1889 – 1943 (53 years old)

Swiss artist, painter, sculptor, and textile designer whose geometric abstractions, marionettes, and stained glass made her a paramount pioneer of Constructivism and Concrete Art.

Zürich, Switzerland

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Sciences & Discovery

34

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Nikola Tesla

Никола Тесла

Croatia

10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943 (86 years old)

Serbian-American inventor and electrical genius who patented alternating current (AC) polyphase power, designed the induction motor, and pioneered radio, remote control, and high-frequency coils.

New York City (New York), United States

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Sciences & Discovery

29

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George Washington Carver

George Washington Carver

United States

c. 1864 – 1943 (79 years old)

American agricultural scientist and inventor who developed crop-rotation techniques and hundreds of peanut, sweet potato, and soybean products to restore depleted Southern soils and empower impoverished farmers.

Tuskegee (Alabama), United States

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Literature & Poetry

6

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Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli

Yusif Vəzir Çəmənzəminli

Azerbaijan

1887-09-12 – 1943-01-03 (55 years old)

Distinguished diplomat, folklorist, and novelist widely identified as the core author behind the pseudonym Kurban Said of the internationally celebrated novel 'Ali and Nino'.

Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia

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Politics

2

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Lalla Kmar

للا قمر

Turkey

1862 AD – 1942 (80 years old)

Legendary Circassian-born Queen Consort of Tunisia who married three successive Beys (Muhammad III as-Sadiq, Ali III, and Muhammad V an-Naceur), wielding immense political influence in the Bardo Palace.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Resistance & Human Rights

31

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Matangini Hazra

মাতঙ্গিনী হাজরা

India

1870 – 1942 (71 years old)

Affectionately known as 'Gandhi Buri' (Old Lady Gandhi), 72-year-old freedom fighter who was shot dead holding the Indian flag aloft during the Quit India Movement.

Tamluk, India

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Politics

2

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Tahar Sfar

الطاهر صفر

Tunisia

1903 – 1942 (38 years old)

Brilliant lawyer and founding theoretician of the Neo-Destour party at the Ksar Hellal Congress of 1934, whose philosophical writings laid the intellectual framework of Tunisian self-determination.

Mahdia, Tunisia

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Philosophy & Thought

30

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Edith Stein

Edith Stein (Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross)

Poland

1891 – 1942 (50 years old)

German-Jewish philosopher and phenomenologist who was Edmund Husserl's assistant, authored On the Problem of Empathy, converted to Catholicism, and was murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Oswiecim, Poland

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Humanitarian & Peace

34

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Janusz Korczak

Henryk Goldszmit

Russia

22 July 1878 – c. 7 August 1942 (64 years old)

Janusz Korczak (pen name of Henryk Goldszmit) was a Polish-Jewish pediatrician, pioneering educator, and beloved children's author who established an egalitarian democratic children's republic at Dom Sierot orphanage in Warsaw. When the Nazis liquidated the Warsaw Ghetto in August 1942, Korczak steadfastly refused multiple offers of personal escape, choosing instead to march hand-in-hand with his 192 orphans into the gas chambers of Treblinka.

Treblinka / Warsaw, Poland

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Science

0

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Valdemar Poulsen

Valdemar Poulsen

Denmark

1869-11-23 – 1942-07-23 (72 years old)

Genius Danish electrical engineer who invented the Telegraphone in 1898—the world's first magnetic sound recording device—and developed continuous-wave radio transmitters.

Gentofte, Denmark

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