Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Madhvacharya

मध्वाचार्य

India

c. 1238 – c. 1317 (79 years old)

Revolutionary 13th-century philosopher-saint who founded Dvaita (Pure Dualism) Vedanta, establishing the Krishna Temple at Udupi and teaching the 'Pancha-Bheda'—the five fundamental, eternal distinctions of reality.

Udupi (Karnataka), India

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Sri Madhvacharya (Acharya of Dvaita / Ananda Tirtha)

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Sri Madhvacharya (Acharya of Dvaita / Ananda Tirtha)

मध्वाचार्य (Madhvācārya)

India

c. 1238 CE – c. 1317 CE (79 years old)

Thirteenth-century philosopher-reformer who founded the Dvaita (Dualism) school of Vedanta. Formulated the five eternal distinctions (Pancha Bheda), asserting the absolute independent reality of God and the eternal distinction of souls.

Udupi, India

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Philip IV of France (Philip the Fair)

Philippe IV le Bel

France

c. 1268 – 1314 (46 years old)

Capetian King of France whose ruthless state centralization created the Estates-General, relocated the Papacy to Avignon, and crushed the Knights Templar.

Saint-Denis, Paris, France

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Literature & Poetry

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Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Ghubrini

أبو العباس أحمد بن أحمد الغبريني

Algeria

1246 – 1314 (68 years old)

13th-century Chief Judge of Bejaïa and chronicler whose biographical encyclopedia 'Unwan al-Dirayah' documents the intellectual golden age of medieval Algeria.

Bejaïa, Algeria

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Literature & Poetry

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Ibn Adhari al-Marrakushi

ابن عذاري المراكشي

Morocco

c. 1260 – c. 1312 (52 years old)

Monumental 13th-century Moroccan historian whose magnum opus al-Bayan al-Mughrib provides the most detailed, irreplaceable chronicle of Islamic North Africa and Andalusia from the 7th to the 13th century.

Fez, Morocco

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Politics

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Abu al-Rabi Sulayman

أبو الربيع سليمان المريني

Morocco

March 1289 – 1310 (21 years old)

Youthful Marinid Sultan (1308–1310) who successfully suppressed rebel princes, recovered Ceuta from Nasrid control, and restored internal stability across northern Morocco.

Rabat, Morocco

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Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ibn Ata Allah

ابن عطاء الله السكندري

Egypt

c. 1259 – 1309 (50 years old)

Third master of the Shadhiliyya and Maliki jurist at al-Azhar whose profound aphorisms 'Al-Hikam al-Ata'iyya' are revered as the supreme crown of Islamic wisdom literature.

Cairo, Egypt

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Angela of Foligno

Angela da Foligno

Italy

1248 – 1309 (61 years old)

Franciscan tertiary and mystical teacher whose 'Book of Visions and Instructions' (Memorial) mapped thirty steps of spiritual transformation into the suffering Christ.

Foligno, Italy

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Raden Wijaya

Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana)

Singhasari Kingdom

c. 1273 CE – 1309 (36 years old)

Founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire who brilliantly outmaneuvered and defeated Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion fleet in Java in 1293, founding Southeast Asia's greatest maritime empire.

Blitar (East Java), Indonesia

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Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana)

Raden Wijaya / Kertarajasa Jayawardhana

Indonesia

c. 1270 – c. 1309 (39 years old)

Founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire who outsmarted and repelled Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion fleet to unite the Indonesian archipelago.

Blitar, Indonesia

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John Duns Scotus

Ioannes Duns Scotus

Scotland

c. 1266 – 1308 (42 years old)

Scottish Franciscan master philosopher whose brilliant concepts of haecceity ('thisness') and the univocity of being, along with his defense of the Immaculate Conception, shaped Catholic dogma.

Cologne, Germany

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Abu Zayan I

أبو زيان محمد الأول

Algeria

c. 1265 – 1308 (~43 years old)

Third Zayyanid Sultan who heroically led Tlemcen through the final years of the eight-year Marinid siege until victory in 1307.

El Eubbad (Tlemcen), Algeria

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Edward I of England

Edward Longshanks (Hammer of the Scots)

Great Britain

1239 – 1307 (68 years old)

Formidable Plantagenet King who conquered Wales, summoned the Model Parliament of 1295, and campaigned fiercely in Scotland.

London, United Kingdom

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Politics

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Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr

أبو يعقوب يوسف بن يعقوب المريني

Morocco

c. 1245 – 1307 (~62 years old)

Powerful Marinid Sultan (1286–1307) who captured Marrakech, mounted campaigns in al-Andalus, and conducted the epic eight-year siege of Tlemcen, constructing the fortified siege city of al-Mansurah.

Rabat, Morocco

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Abu Sa'id Uthman I

أبو سعيد عثمان الأول بن يغمراسن

Algeria

c. 1245 – 1304 (~59 years old)

Second Sultan of the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen who succeeded his father Yaghmurasen in 1283 and led the epic defense of Tlemcen against Marinid siege engines.

El Eubbad (Tlemcen), Algeria

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Military Leaders & Strategists

Ibn Daqiq al-Id

ابن دقيق العيد

Saudi Arabia

1228 – 1302 (74 years old)

Towering 13th-century Grand Qadi of Egypt and mujtahid who was declared the 'Renewer of the Century' (Mujaddid), renowned for his incorruptible judicial independence before Mamluk sultans.

Cairo, Egypt

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