Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Humanities

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Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Jazna'i

علي الجزنائي

Morocco

c. 1310 – c. 1380 (~70 years old)

14th-century Moroccan chronicler and topographer whose foundational monograph Zahrat al-As provides the definitive historical and architectural inventory of medieval Fez.

Fez, Morocco

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Philosophy & Thought

28

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Ibn Marzuq

محمد بن أحمد ابن مرزوق التلمساني

Algeria

c. 1310 CE – 1379 (~69 years old)

Distinguished 14th-century Tlemcen polymath, diplomat, and Maliki jurist who served at the Marinid, Hafsid, and Castilian courts, author of 'Al-Musnad al-Sahih' recording North African history.

Cairo, Egypt

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Literature & Poetry

25

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Yahya ibn Khaldun

يحيى بن خلدون

Tunisia

1334 – 1379 (45 years old)

Distinguished historian and younger brother of Ibn Khaldun, who served as prime minister and court chronicler of the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen and authored Bughyat al-Ruwwad.

Tlemcen, Algeria

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Monarchy

1

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Charles IV

Václav (Karel)

Kingdom of Bohemia

1316-05-14 – 1378-11-29 (62 years old)

Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia revered as 'Otec vlasti' (Father of the Homeland), who founded Charles University (1348), built the Charles Bridge, and made Prague the magnificent capital of the Empire.

Prague, Czech Republic

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

36

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Edward III of England

Edward of Windsor

Great Britain

1312 – 1377 (64 years old)

Plantagenet King whose fifty-year reign transformed England into a supreme military power and launched the Hundred Years' War.

London, United Kingdom

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Arts & Music

46

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Guillaume de Machaut

Guillaume de Machaut

France

c. 1300 – 13 April 1377 (~77 years old)

Preeminent French composer and poet of the 14th-century Ars Nova, who composed the Messe de Nostre Dame—the earliest complete polyphonic setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by a single known composer.

Reims, France

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Military Leaders & Strategists

39

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Edward of Woodstock (The Black Prince)

Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales

Great Britain

1330 – 1376 (45 years old)

Prince of Wales and England's greatest chivalric warrior of the Hundred Years' War who won the Battle of Poitiers and captured King John II of France.

Canterbury, United Kingdom

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Literature & Poetry

47

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Giovanni Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio

Italy

16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375 (62 years old)

Pioneering Florentine Renaissance humanist and author of The Decameron, who captured the tragedy of the 1348 Black Death and forged European storytelling prose through one hundred lively, witty tales of human wit, eros, and resilience.

Certaldo (Tuscany), Italy

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Science

6

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Ibn al-Shatir

ابن الشاطر

Syria

1304 – 1375 (71 years old)

Groundbreaking 14th-century Damascene astronomer whose non-Ptolemaic planetary models were mathematically identical to those later used by Copernicus.

Damascus, Syria

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Literature & Poetry

40

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Francesco Petrarca

Francesco Petrarca

Italy

1304 – 1374 (69 years old)

Italian scholar and poet recognized as the 'Father of Humanism', whose Canzoniere established the Petrarchan sonnet and sparked the European Renaissance.

Arquà Petrarca, Italy

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Literature & Poetry

20

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Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib

لسان الدين بن الخطيب

Spain

1313 – 1374 (60 years old)

Supreme Andalusian-Moroccan polymath and Grand Vizier of Granada who authored al-Ihata fi Akhbar Gharnata, formulated the contagion theory of the Black Death, and whose poetic epigrams adorn the Alhambra.

Fez, Morocco

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Religion

7

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Ibn Kathir

ابن كثير

Syria

c. 1300 – February 1373 (73 years old)

Influential 14th-century Damascene scholar whose monumental Tafsir and universal chronicle 'Al-Bidaya wa-al-Nihaya' remain widely studied.

Damascus, Syria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Ismail ibn Umar Ibn Kathir

ابن كثير

Syria

c. 1301 – 1373 (72 years old)

Illustrious Syrian scholar, historian, and student of Ibn Taymiyyah whose 'Tafsir Ibn Kathir' and historical chronicle 'Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah' are among the most studied in Islam.

Damascus, Syria

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Politics

10

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Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz I al-Mustansir

عبد العزيز بن علي المريني المستنصر

Morocco

1349 – 1372 (23 years old)

Dynamic Marinid Sultan (1366–1372) who crushed rebellious viziers, restored sovereign authority over Morocco and western Algeria, captured Tlemcen, and employed Ibn Khaldun as his diplomat.

Fez, Morocco

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Literature & Poetry

45

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Shi Nai'an

施耐庵

China

c. 1296 – c. 1372 (76 years old)

Chinese writer traditionally credited with composing Water Margin (Outlaws of the Marsh), the celebrated epic novel of righteous banditry and martial brotherhood.

Xinghua, China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

41

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Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki)

Kazimierz III Wielki

Poland

1310 – 1370 (60 years old)

Last Piast King of Poland who doubled the country's size, founded Jagiellonian University, and protected Jewish refugees across Europe.

Kraków, Poland

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Science

10

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Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman al-Ladjai

عبد الرحمن اللجائي

Morocco

c. 1315 – c. 1370 (~55 years old)

Brilliant 14th-century Moroccan mechanical engineer, mathematician, and astronomer who constructed the famous Dar al-Magana hydraulic water clock opposite the Bou Inania Madrasa in Fez.

Fez, Morocco

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Sciences & Discovery

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Ibn Battuta

ابن بطوطة

Morocco

1304 – c. 1368–1369 (64 years old)

Universally recognized as the greatest traveler of the pre-modern world, Ibn Battuta journeyed over 73,000 miles across Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, and China, dictating the immortal Rihla.

Tangier, Morocco

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