Historical Archives & Public Figures

Jacob van Artevelde

Belgium

c. 1290 – 1345 (55 years old)

Flemish statesman and civic leader known as the 'Brewer of Ghent' who united Flemish cities against French royal dominance and forged a crucial commercial alliance with King Edward III of England.

Ghent, Belgium

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

27

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Al-Nasir Muhammad

الناصر محمد بن قلاوون

Egypt

March 24, 1285 CE – June 7, 1341 CE (56 years old)

Celebrated Mamluk Sultan whose third reign (1310-1341) represented the golden zenith of Mamluk Egypt, characterized by unprecedented economic affluence, massive urbanization, and decisive military victory over the Mongol Ilkhanate at Marj al-Saffar.

Cairo, Egypt

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

22

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Abu Tashfin I

أبو تاشفين الأول

Algeria

1293 – 1337 (~44 years old)

Zayyanid Sultan of Tlemcen who transformed his capital into an architectural marvel, founding the famed Tashfiniya Madrasa and defending the city during the Marinid siege.

Tlemcen, Algeria

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Arts & Music

40

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Giotto di Bondone

Italy

c. 1267 – 8 January 1337 (~70 years old)

Florentine master painter and architect who broke decisively from flat Byzantine conventions to pioneer lifelike spatial depth, human emotional realism, and natural light in his Scrovegni Chapel frescoes.

Florence, Italy

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Military Leaders & Strategists

37

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Kusunoki Masashige (The Great Loyalist)

楠木正成

Japan

1 – 1336 (42 years old)

Fourteenth-century samurai general and master of mountain siege defense who defended Emperor Go-Daigo and died heroically at the Battle of Minatogawa.

Kobe, Japan

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Religion

9

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Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari

محمد بن محمد بن الحاج العبدري الفاسي

Morocco

c. 1250 – 1336 (~86 years old)

Eminent Fez-born Maliki jurist and theological scholar whose monumental work Al-Madkhal provides one of the richest records of medieval social customs, education, and religious practice in Morocco and Egypt.

Cairo, Egypt

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Sciences & Discovery

40

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Al-Nuwayri

شهاب الدين النويري

Egypt

1279 – 1333 (54 years old)

Egyptian Mamluk polymath, financial administrator, and encyclopedist who authored 'Nihayat al-Arab fi Funun al-Adab', a monumental thirty-three-volume encyclopedia preserving medieval Islamic science, history, and administration.

Cairo, Egypt

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Prophets & Divine Messengers

10

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Jan Breydel

Belgium

c. 1264 – c. 1333 (69 years old)

Butchers' guild leader and legendary Flemish patriot who, alongside Pieter de Coninck, led the popular revolt against French royal forces culminating in the 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs.

Bruges, Belgium

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Politics

8

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Pieter de Coninck

Belgium

c. 1255 – c. 1332 (77 years old)

Charismatic orator and dean of the Bruges weavers guild whose impassioned resistance against patrician oligarchs and French occupational forces sparked the 1302 Flemish Revolution.

Bruges, Belgium

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

17

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Abu Said Uthman II

أبو سعيد عثمان بن يعقوب

Morocco

1276 – 1331 (54 years old)

Marinid Sultan of Morocco (1310–1331) who transformed Fez into the architectural masterpiece of North Africa, founding the famed Al-Attarine and Sahrij madrasas.

Rabat, Morocco

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

45

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Robert I of Scotland (Robert the Bruce)

Roibert a Briuis (Robert de Brus)

Scotland

1274 – 1329 (54 years old)

Hero King of Scotland who liberated his nation from English dominion and secured independence at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

Dunfermline, Fife, United Kingdom

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Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Shaykh al-Islam)

Religious Figures & Theologians

46

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Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Shaykh al-Islam)

تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد الحليم بن تيمية

Turkey

22 January 1263 CE (661 AH) – 26 September 1328 CE (728 AH) (65 years old)

Formidable Hanbali jurist and theologian who led intellectual resistance against Mongol hegemony and theological syncretism. Authored Majmu al-Fatawa, advocating a return to the direct methodology of early Islam (Salaf).

Damascus, Syria

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf al-Hilli

العلامة الحلي

Iraq

1248 – 1325 (77 years old)

Legendary Iraqi philosopher, mathematician, and jurist who was the first to receive the honorific title 'Allamah' (Most Erudite) and converted Ilkhanid Mongol ruler Oljeitu to Islam.

Najaf, Iraq

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Military Leaders & Strategists

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Osman I

عثمان بن أرطغرل (عثمان غازي)

Sultanate of Rum

c. 1258 CE – c. 1324 CE (66 years old)

Founder of the Ottoman Empire and first ruler of the Ottoman dynasty, who expanded his small Turkmen principality in Sogut against the Byzantine Empire and had the prophetic 'Osman's Dream'.

Tophane Park (Bursa), Turkey

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Literature & Poetry

24

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Ibn Ajurrum

ابن آجروم

Morocco

1273 – 1323 (50 years old)

Sanhaja Berber grammarian and jurist of Fez whose concise grammatical manual, Al-Ajurrumiyya, became the most universally studied introduction to classical Arabic grammar for seven centuries.

Fez, Morocco

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Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri (Dante)

Arts & Music

45

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Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri (Dante)

Dante Alighieri

Italy

May/June 1265 – 14 September 1321 (~56 years old)

Supreme Italian poet whose epic masterpiece, the Divine Comedy (Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso), created the modern Italian language and stands as the greatest literary synthesis of the medieval Christian worldview.

Ravenna, Italy

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Sciences & Discovery

39

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Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi

ابن البناء المراكشي

Morocco

1256 – 1321 (64 years old)

Brilliant Moroccan mathematician and astronomer who introduced innovative algebraic notation, combinatorial formulas, and fractions in his masterwork 'Talkhis A'mal al-Hisab', honored with a lunar crater named Al-Marrakushi.

Marrakech, Morocco

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Science

10

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