Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Arts & Music

3,188

🕯️ 41

Fra Angelico

Guido di Pietro / Beato Angelico

Italy

1 – 1455 (60 years old)

Florentine Early Renaissance friar celebrated for devout, luminous frescoes and altarpieces of unearthly purity and tranquility.

Rome, Italy

3,188 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

33

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Constantine XI Palaiologos

Κωνσταντῖνος ΙΑ΄ Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος

Turkey

1405 – 1453 (48 years old)

Last Emperor of the Byzantine Empire who died fighting heroically on the walls of Constantinople during the final Ottoman assault in 1453.

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey

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Religious Figures & Theologians

17

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Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zawawi

أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن فايد الزواوي

Algeria

1394 – 1453 (59 years old)

15th-century Berber Maliki legal authority and grand exegete of Béjaïa and the Djurdjura whose legal commentaries Talkhis al-Bukhari and Tashil al-Sabil shaped North African jurisprudence.

Béjaïa, Algeria

17 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

45

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Sejong the Great (King of Joseon Korea)

세종대왕 (世宗大王)

South Korea

15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450 (52 years old)

Fourth King of the Joseon Dynasty revered as Korea's greatest monarch. Personally invented the Hangul phonetic alphabet in 1443 so common citizens could read and write, and sponsored world-pioneering rain gauges, celestial globes, and sundials.

Hanseong (Seoul), South Korea

45 Full Record →

Religion

9

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Abu al-Qasim al-Zaytuni

أبو القاسم الزيتوني

Tunisia

c. 1380 AD – 1450 AD (~70 years old)

Pillar of 15th-century scholarship at the Ez-Zitouna Mosque University in Tunis, master of the variant Quranic recitations and trusted legal consultant to Hafsid Sultan Abu Amr Uthman.

Tunis, Tunisia

9 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

45

🕯️ 880

Ulugh Beg (Mirza Muhammad Taraghay)

میرزا محمد طارق الغ‌بیگ

Iran

22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449 (55 years old)

Timurid ruler and astronomer who constructed the colossal Samarkand Observatory with its 40-meter meridian sextant, producing the Zij-i Sultani star catalog of 1,018 stars.

Samarkand, Uzbekistan

45 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

40

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Ahmad ibn Ali Ibn Hajar

ابن حجر العسقلاني

Egypt

1372 – 1449 (76 years old)

Supreme Hadith scholar of late medieval Islam, Chief Shafi'i Judge of Egypt, and author of 'Fath al-Bari', the peerless commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari.

Cairo, Egypt

40 Full Record →

Arts & Music

47

🕯️ 985

Filippo Brunelleschi

Filippo Brunelleschi

Italy

1377 – 15 April 1446 (~69 years old)

Florentine architectural genius who engineered the majestic dome of Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore) without scaffolding and mathematically discovered the principles of linear perspective.

Florence, Italy

47 Full Record →

Arts & Music

43

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Robert Campin

Robert Campin

France

c. 1375 – 1444 (69 years old)

First great master of Early Netherlandish painting alongside Van Eyck, whose 'Mérode Altarpiece' brought sacred events into realistic contemporary domestic interiors.

Tournai, Belgium

43 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

39

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Joseph Albo

יוסף אלבו

Spain

c. 1380 – c. 1444 (64 years old)

Aragonese Jewish philosopher and apologist whose 'Book of Principles' (Sefer Ha-Ikkarim) distilled Jewish dogmatic theology into three essential fundamentals.

Soria, Spain

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Philosophy & Thought

34

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Zeami Motokiyo

世阿弥 元清

Japan

c. 1363 – c. 1443 (80 years old)

Greatest playwright and aesthetic philosopher in Japanese history, who transformed Noh theatre into a supreme Zen art form and authored 'Fushikaden' (The Flowering Spirit), articulating the aesthetic concepts of Yugen (subtle grace) and Monomane.

Sado Island (Niigata), Japan

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Sciences & Discovery

35

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Al-Maqrizi

تقي الدين المقريزي

Egypt

1364 – 1442 (78 years old)

Preeminent Egyptian Mamluk historian, topographer, and economic theorist whose 'Al-Khitat' provided the definitive architectural and urban history of Cairo and whose 'Ighathat al-Umma' analyzed economic inflation.

Cairo, Egypt

35 Full Record →

Arts & Music

43

🕯️ 960

Jan van Eyck

Jan van Eyck

Belgium

c. 1390 – 9 July 1441 (~51 years old)

Greatest master of Early Netherlandish painting who perfected the oil painting technique, celebrated worldwide for the Ghent Altarpiece and the Arnolfini Portrait with its astonishing microscopic realism.

Bruges, Belgium

43 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

43

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Mohamed ibn Omar al-Houari

محمد بن عمر الهواري

Algeria

c. 1350 – 1439 (89 years old)

Venerated Algerian Islamic scholar, ascetic, and saint from the Houara Berber tribe who taught in Tlemcen and Fez before settling in Oran, becoming the eternal patron saint of the city.

Oran (Old Town), Algeria

43 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

19

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Al-Burzuli

أبو القاسم البرزلي

Tunisia

c. 1360 – 1438 (~78 years old)

15th-century Grand Mufti of Tunis and pupil of Ibn Arafa whose massive legal compendium Jami' Masa'il al-Ahkam compiled centuries of North African and Andalusian fatwas.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Politics

9

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Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz al-Mutawakkil

أبو فارس عبد العزيز المتوكل

Tunisia

1361 AD – 1434 AD (73 years old)

Long-reigning Hafsid Sultan (1394–1434 AD) whose forty-year reign represents the golden zenith of Hafsid civilization, builder of the grand Bimaristan hospital and medersas of Tunis.

Tunis, Tunisia

9 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

15

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Abu Firas Abd al-Aziz al-Hafsi

أبو فارس عبد العزيز المتوكل

Tunisia

1361 – 1434 (73 years old)

One of the greatest Hafsid Sultans of Tunis (1394–1434) who repelled Christian crusader assaults, restored the monumental Roman aqueduct of Zaghouan, and founded colleges and hospitals.

Tunis, Tunisia

15 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

42

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Le Loi

Lê Lợi (Lê Thái Tổ)

Vietnam

1385 – 1433 (48 years old)

Vietnamese national hero and founder of the Later Le Dynasty who led the ten-year Lam Son Uprising against Ming Chinese occupation, immortalized by the Legend of the Returned Sword at Hoan Kiem Lake.

Tho Xuan (Thanh Hoa), Vietnam

42 Full Record →