Historical Archives & Public Figures

Jeremy Bentham

Great Britain

1748 – 1832 (84 years old)

English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer who founded modern utilitarianism, proposing that morality consists in promoting 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number'.

London, United Kingdom

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Humanitarian & Peace

41

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Samuel Sharpe

Jamaica

c. 1801 – 1832 (31 years old)

National Hero of Jamaica and enslaved Baptist deacon 'Daddy Sharpe' who organized the massive 1831 Baptist War rebellion involving 60,000 enslaved people, whose moral courage accelerated British parliamentary abolition in 1833.

Montego Bay (St James), Jamaica

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Literature & Poetry

46

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Germany

28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832 (82 years old)

Supreme giant of German literature and European polymath whose epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther launched Sturm und Drang, and whose life's masterwork Faust stands as the cosmic tragedy of modern humanity's striving soul.

Weimar (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach), Germany

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Arts & Music

37

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Muzio Clementi

Muzio Filippo Vincenzo Francesco Saverio Clementi

Italy

1752 – 1832 (80 years old)

Italian-English composer, pianist, and instrument manufacturer celebrated as the 'Father of Modern Pianoforte Technique' and creator of the landmark pedagogical suite 'Gradus ad Parnassum'.

Evesham, United Kingdom

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History

6

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Jean-François Champollion

France

1790 – 1832 (41 years old)

Brilliant French philologist and founder of scientific Egyptology who deciphered ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing in September 1822 through his analysis of the Rosetta Stone.

Paris, France

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Technology

6

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William Cockerill

Great Britain

c. 1759 – 1832 (73 years old)

English inventor and mechanical pioneer who bypassed British export bans on textile machinery in 1799, bringing mechanized wool spinning to Verviers and inaugurating the Industrial Revolution on mainland Europe.

Verviers (Province of Liège), Belgium

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Philosophy & Thought

31

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G. W. F. Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Germany

1770 – 1831 (61 years old)

Titan of German Idealism whose dialectical system traced the historical evolution of Absolute Spirit through thesis, antithesis, and synthesis in The Phenomenology of Spirit.

Berlin, Germany

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Philosophy & Thought

42

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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Germany

27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831 (61 years old)

Master of German Idealism whose dialectical philosophy conceptualized historical development as the progressive self-realization of Spirit (Geist) toward absolute freedom.

Berlin, Germany

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Resistance & Human Rights

36

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Nat Turner

United States

1800 – 1831 (31 years old)

Enslaved African American preacher who led the most significant and consequential slave rebellion in United States history in Southampton County, Virginia.

Courtland, United States

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

44

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Ioannis Kapodistrias

Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας

Italy

1776 – 1831 (55 years old)

First Governor of independent Greece (1828–1831) and former Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire who drafted the Swiss Federal Constitution, founded the modern Greek state, modern agriculture, and public education.

Corfu, Greece

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

39

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James Monroe

United States

1758 – 1831 (73 years old)

Fifth US President and last of the Virginia Dynasty whose 'Era of Good Feelings' saw the Missouri Compromise, the acquisition of Florida, and the historic Monroe Doctrine.

Richmond, Virginia, United States

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Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein

Statesmanship & Statesmen

34

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Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein

Heinrich Friedrich Karl Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein

Germany

1757 – 1831 (73 years old)

Visionary Prussian statesman who abolished serfdom, introduced municipal self-government, and coordinated the anti-Napoleonic Coalition in Russia and Germany.

Frücht (Rhineland-Palatinate), Germany

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Humanitarian & Peace

37

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Richard Allen

United States

1760 – 1831 (71 years old)

Founder and first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, the first independent Black denomination in the United States, and foremost civil rights pioneer.

Philadelphia, United States

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History

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Catherine Flon

Haiti

1772 – 1831 (59 years old)

Haitian revolutionary heroine and seamstress who created the first Haitian national flag at the Congress of Arcahaie in 1803.

Arcahaie, Haiti

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Military

6

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John Norton

Teyoninhokarawen

Great Britain

c. 1770 – c. 1831 (61 years old)

Scottish-Cherokee adopted Mohawk chief who led Six Nations warriors at the Battle of Queenston Heights in 1812, saving Upper Canada.

Ohsweken, Canada

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

40

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Simon Bolivar

Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar

Venezuela

1783 – 1830 (47 years old)

Supreme Liberator 'El Libertador' of South America whose military and political campaigns liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from the Spanish Empire, serving as the first President of Gran Colombia.

Caracas, Venezuela

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

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Antonio Jose de Sucre

Antonio Jose de Sucre y Alcala

Venezuela

1795 – 1830 (35 years old)

Grand Marshal of Ayacucho, beloved lieutenant to Simon Bolivar, who won the decisive Battle of Ayacucho in 1824 that permanently ended Spanish colonial rule in South America, serving as the first constitutional President of Bolivia.

Quito, Ecuador

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