Historical Archives & Public Figures

Rudolf Tobias

Estonia

1873 – 1918 (45 years old)

Visionary musical pioneer who composed the first Estonian symphonic work ('Julius Caesar' Overture, 1896) and the monumental biblical oratorio 'Jonah's Mission' (Des Jona Sendung, 1909), acclaimed across Europe.

Kullamaa, Lääne County, Estonia

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Resistance & Human Rights

34

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Ali Bach Hamba

علي باش حانبة

Tunisia

c. 1876 – 1918 (42 years old)

Tunisian lawyer, journalist, and nationalist pioneer who co-founded the Young Tunisian movement in 1907 and founded the newspaper Le Tunisien, laying the intellectual foundations for Tunisian independence.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Literature & Poetry

16

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Malak Hifni Nasif

ملك حفني ناصف

Egypt

1886 – 1918 (31 years old)

Pioneering feminist writer and poet who wrote under the pen name 'Bahithat al-Badiya', delivering the first public lectures for women in modern Egypt and presenting the 10-point feminist manifesto in 1911.

Cairo, Egypt

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Religious Figures & Theologians

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Shirdi Sai Baba

शिर्डीचे साई बाबा

India

c. 1838 – 1918 (~80 years old)

Indian spiritual master revered by both Hindu and Muslim devotees, who lived in a dilapidated mosque in Shirdi preaching charity, love, and 'Sabka Malik Ek' (One God for All).

Shirdi, India

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Aviation

1

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Roland Garros

Eugène Adrien Roland Georges Garros

France

1888 – 1918 (29 years old)

Dashing French aviator who achieved world fame in 1913 by completing the first non-stop flight across the Mediterranean Sea, invented forward-firing fighter aircraft synchronization, and whose name graces the French Open tennis tournament.

Vouziers (Ardennes), France

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

50

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Nicholas II of Russia

Николай II Александрович Романов

Russia

1868 – 1918 (50 years old)

Last Emperor of Russia whose abdication in 1917 ended three centuries of Romanov rule; canonized as a Passion-Bearer by the Orthodox Church.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Music

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Toivo Kuula

Toivo Timoteus Kuula

Finland

1883 – 1918 (34 years old)

Profound late-romantic composer whose passionate Ostrobothnian folk melodies, violin sonatas, and choral masterpieces like 'Auringon noustessa' (At Sunrise) made him the greatest musical hope of his generation.

Helsinki, Finland

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History

1

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Gavrilo Princip

Гаврило Принцип

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1894-07-25 – 1918-04-28 (23 years old)

Nineteenth-year-old member of Young Bosnia whose assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, precipitated the outbreak of World War I.

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Arts & Music

35

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Otto Wagner

Otto Koloman Wagner

Austria

1841 – 1918 (76 years old)

Austrian architect and urban planner who led the Vienna Secession toward modernism, celebrated for the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and the Vienna Stadtbahn transit system.

Vienna, Austria

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History

0

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Niko Pirosmani

Georgia

1862 – 1918 (55 years old)

World-renowned Georgian primitivist painter whose portraits, animal depictions, and tavern scenes achieved global acclaim.

Tbilisi, Georgia

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Arts & Music

44

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Achille-Claude Debussy

Claude Debussy

France

22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918 (55 years old)

French musical pioneer whose shimmering orchestral colors, non-functional harmony, and evocative sensuality in Clair de Lune, La Mer, and Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune dissolved 19th-century tonality and opened modern music.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

34

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César Cui

Cesarius Benjaminus Cui

Lithuania

1835 – 1918 (83 years old)

Russian composer of 'The Five', imperial military engineer who attained the rank of General, and biting music critic who vigorously championed the Russian nationalist school.

Petrograd, Soviet Russia

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Monarchy

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Taytu Betul

Ethiopia

c. 1851 – 1918 (67 years old)

Formidable Empress of Ethiopia who chose the hot springs site of Addis Ababa, fiercely rejected Italian trickery in the Treaty of Wuchale, and personally commanded troops at Mekelle and the victorious Battle of Adwa in 1896.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Politics

1

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Empress Taytu Betul

Taytu Betul

Ethiopia

1851-01-01 – 1918-02-11 (67 years old)

Formidable Empress of Ethiopia who named and founded Addis Ababa, devised the decisive water-denial strategy at the Siege of Mekelle, and led her own cavalry regiment at the Battle of Adwa.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Humanitarian & Peace

35

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Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

Italy

20 September 1833 – 10 February 1918 (84 years old)

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta was an Italian journalist, Garibaldian freedom fighter, and peace leader who founded the International Peace Society in Lombardy. As the influential editor of Milan's leading newspaper, Il Secolo, Moneta advocated for Franco-Italian reconciliation and international arbitration, becoming Italy's only Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 1907.

Milan, Italy

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Humanitarian & Peace

40

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Louis Renault

France

21 May 1843 – 8 February 1918 (74 years old)

Louis Renault was an eminent French jurist and professor of international law at the University of Paris. Serving as legal counsel to the French Foreign Ministry and principal rapporteur at the 1899 and 1907 Hague Peace Conferences, he drafted pivotal treaties on naval warfare and prisoners of war, sharing the 1907 Nobel Peace Prize with Ernesto Teodoro Moneta.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

43

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Gustav Klimt

Austria

14 July 1862 – 6 February 1918 (55 years old)

Austrian Symbolist master and founding president of the Vienna Secession, renowned for his dazzling 'Golden Phase'—above all The Kiss and the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I—blending erotic sensuality, Byzantine gold leaf, and decorative mosaic patterns.

Vienna, Austria

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