Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Military Leaders & Strategists

42

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Zhuge Liang (Wolong / Crouching Dragon)

諸葛亮 / 諸葛孔明

China

0181 – 0234 (53 years old)

Legendary Chancellor and chief military strategist of Shu Han whose Longzhong Plan laid the blueprint for the Three Kingdoms and who invented the repeating crossbow.

Mianxian (Hanzhong), China

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

20

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Berenice II of Egypt

Βερενίκη

Libya

c. 266 BCE – 221 BCE

Formidable Hellenistic Queen of Egypt and Cyrene who won Panathenaic and Nemean chariot races, unified Libya and Egypt through her marriage to Ptolemy III, and whose sacrificed hair inspired the constellation Coma Berenices.

Alexandria, Egypt

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

25

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Hasdrubal the Fair

𐤏𐤆𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋

Tunisia

c. 270 BCE – 221 BCE

Brilliant Carthaginian statesman and general, son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca, who consolidated the Barcid empire in Spain through diplomatic marriages, founded Carthago Nova (Cartagena) in 228 BCE, and negotiated the historic Ebro Treaty with Rome.

Cartagena, Spain

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Military Leaders & Strategists

36

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Zhang Fei

张飞 (益德)

China

c. 166 CE – c. 221 CE (55 years old)

Fierce and loyal general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era, one of the Five Tiger Generals, celebrated for holding off Cao Cao's entire army single-handedly at Changban Bridge.

Langzhong (Sichuan), China

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Military Leaders & Strategists

44

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Cao Cao

曹操 (魏武帝)

China

c. 155 CE – 0220 (65 years old)

Brilliant Chinese warlord, statesman, and poet who laid the foundations of the Kingdom of Wei, famed for his military genius in the Three Kingdoms era and victory at the Battle of Guandu.

Anyang (Henan), China

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Military Leaders & Strategists

38

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Cao Cao (Emperor Wu of Wei)

曹操 / 曹孟德

China

0155 – 0220 (65 years old)

Master strategist, warlord, poet, and Chancellor of the late Han dynasty who unified northern China after defeating Yuan Shao at Guandu.

Anyang (Henan), China

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Philosophy & Thought

31

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Tertullian

ترتليانوس (كوينتوس سبتيميوس فلورنس)

Tunisia

c. 155 CE – c. 220 CE (65 years old)

Brilliant Carthaginian jurist and Christian apologist who coined the Latin term 'Trinitas' (Trinity) and authored 'Apologeticus', famously declaring: 'The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church'.

Carthage, Tunisia

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Military Leaders & Strategists

35

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Guan Yu

关羽 (关公)

China

c. 160 CE – c. 220 CE (60 years old)

Legendary Chinese general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era, renowned for his martial prowess and unyielding loyalty, deified as 'Guan Gong' and the God of War in Chinese folk religion.

Luoyang (Henan), China

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Religious Figures & Theologians

38

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Kundakunda

कुन्दकुन्दाचार्य

🌐 Satavahana Empire

c. 150 CE – c. 220 CE (70 years old)

Venerated Digambara Jain philosopher whose foundational Prakrit works 'Samayasara' and 'Pravachanasara' established the distinction between the absolute and practical viewpoints.

Tamil Nadu, India

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Religious Figures & Theologians

41

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Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus

Tertullianus

Tunisia

c. 155 CE – c. 220 CE (65 years old)

Father of Latin Christian theology and brilliant apologist who introduced essential dogmatic terminology including 'Trinitas' and 'one substance in three persons'.

Carthage, Tunisia

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Military Leaders & Strategists

36

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Guan Yu (Lord Guan / God of War)

關羽 / 關雲長

China

1 – 0220 (60 years old)

Foremost general of Shu Han and martial sworn brother of Liu Bei, deified throughout Chinese civilization as Guan Gong (God of War) for loyalty and valor.

Luoyang, China

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Religious Figures & Theologians

42

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Umashvati

उमास्वाति

India

c. 135 CE – c. 219 CE (84 years old)

Jain philosopher whose 'Tattvartha Sutra' (That Which Is) is the first Jain scripture composed in classical Sanskrit, accepted by both Digambara and Svetambara traditions.

Patna, India

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

30

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Caracalla

Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus

Roman Gaul

April 4, 188 CE – April 8, 217 CE (29 years old)

Roman Emperor of Libyan Punic and Syrian descent who transformed the social fabric of the classical world by issuing the Edict of Caracalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) in 212 CE, granting Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire.

Rome, Italy

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Religious Figures & Theologians

39

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Judah ha-Nasi

יהודה הנשיא

🌐 Israel

c. 135 CE – c. 217 CE (82 years old)

Prince (Nasi) of the Sanhedrin and chief editor of the Mishnah, who committed the Oral Torah to writing to ensure its preservation for all Jewish generations.

Beit She'arim, Israel

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

27

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Publius Septimius Geta

Publius Septimius Geta

Italy

March 7, 189 CE – December 26, 211 CE (22 years old)

Roman Emperor who ruled jointly with his father Septimius Severus and elder brother Caracalla from 209 to 211 CE before falling victim to dynastic rivalry in their mother Julia Domna's apartments.

Rome, Italy

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Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

27

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Septimius Severus

Lucius Septimius Severus

Libya

April 11, 145 CE – February 4, 211 CE (65 years old)

Formidable Roman Emperor born in Leptis Magna who emerged victorious from the Year of the Five Emperors, founding the Severan Dynasty, reforming the imperial army, and transforming his Libyan birthplace into a magnificent imperial metropolis.

Rome, Italy

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Military Leaders & Strategists

38

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Zhou Yu

周瑜 (公瑾)

China

0175 – 0210 (35 years old)

Grand Viceroy of Eastern Wu who commanded the allied southern fleet that annihilated Cao Cao's armada at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 CE, preserving southern Chinese autonomy.

Lujiang County (Anhui), China

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Military Leaders & Strategists

41

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Zhou Yu (Zhou Gongjin)

周瑜 / 周公瑾

China

0175 – 0210 (35 years old)

Supreme commander and admiral of Eastern Wu whose brilliant fire attack at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 destroyed Cao Cao's navy and divided China into Three Kingdoms.

Lujiang (Hefei), China

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