Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Religion

7

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Shams Tabrizi

شمس تبریزی

Iran

1185 – 1248 (63 years old)

Legendary wandering Persian mystic whose transformative spiritual friendship with Jalal al-Din Rumi ignited the Mathnawi and modern Sufism.

Khoy, Iran

7 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

37

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Subutai

Сүбээдэй (Subutai Baghatur)

Mongolia

c. 1175 CE – c. 1248 CE (73 years old)

Primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ogedei Khan who conquered more territory than any general in human history, orchestrating campaigns across China, Persia, Russia, and Central Europe.

Central Tuv Province, Mongolia

37 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

33

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Mai Dunama Dibbalemi

Dunama Dibbalemi

🌐 Chad

c. 1210 CE – c. 1248 CE (38 years old)

Thirteenth-century Mai of the Kanem Empire who expanded Kanem to its greatest extent from Fezzan in Libya to the Niger River, fielding an army of 40,000 armored horsemen.

Kanem Region, Chad

33 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

42

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Ibn al-Baytar (Diya al-Din al-Malaqi)

ضياء الدين عبد الله بن أحمد المالقي (ابن البيطار)

Spain

c. 1197 CE – 1248 CE (~51 years old)

Greatest botanist and pharmacologist of the Middle Ages who cataloged 1,400 medicinal plants, foods, and drugs in his encyclopedic Compendium on Simple Medicaments and Foods.

Damascus, Syria

42 Full Record →

Military

8

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Muhammad I ibn Abd al-Haqq

محمد بن عبد الحق المريني

Morocco

1202 – 1244 (42 years old)

Third leader of the Marinids who pushed his armies to the gates of Fez and Meknes, falling in a major clash against Almohad forces.

Fez, Morocco

8 Full Record →

Politics

9

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Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid II al-Rashid

أبو محمد عبد الواحد الرشيد

Morocco

c. 1207 – 1242 (~35 years old)

Almohad Caliph (1232–1242) who strove to restore imperial discipline in Morocco amidst the rise of the Hafsids in Tunis and the Marinid nomads in northern Morocco.

Tinmel, Morocco

9 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

8

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Snorri Sturluson

Snorri Sturluson

Iceland

1179-10-15 – 1241-09-23 (61 years old)

Colossal medieval Icelandic historian, lawspeaker, and skald whose Prose Edda preserved Norse mythology and Heimskringla chronicled the epic history of Norwegian kings.

Reykholt, Iceland

8 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

40

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Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi (Al-Shaykh al-Akbar)

محيي الدين بن عربي

Spain

28 July 1165 CE – 16 November 1240 CE (75 years old)

Visionary Andalusian philosopher and mystic revered as "Al-Shaykh al-Akbar" (The Greatest Master). Formulated the profound metaphysics of Wahdat al-Wujud (The Unity of Being) in Fusus al-Hikam and Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya.

Damascus, Syria

40 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

11

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Uthman I ibn Abd al-Haqq

عثمان بن عبد الحق المريني

Morocco

1196 – 1240 (44 years old)

Second Marinid ruler who consolidated the Zenata tribal confederation, established dominance over the Rif and northern valleys, and resisted Almohad counter-offensives.

Rabat, Morocco

11 Full Record →

Philosophy & Thought

23

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Abu al-Hasan al-Harrali

أبو الحسن الحرالي

Morocco

c. 1165 – 1240 (~75 years old)

Brilliant 13th-century mathematician, logician, and mystic of Marrakesh whose innovative exegesis applied algebraic and geometrical structures to linguistic and philosophical hermeneutics.

Hama, Syria

23 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

32

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Al-Kamil

الكامل محمد بن العادل

Egypt

1177 CE – March 6, 1238 CE (61 years old)

Astute Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and nephew of Saladin who successfully defeated the Fifth Crusade at Damietta, negotiated the historic 1229 Treaty of Jaffa with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and hosted Saint Francis of Assisi in dialogue.

Damascus, Syria

32 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

8

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Baha al-Din ibn Shaddad

بهاء الدين بن شداد

Iraq

5 March 1145 – 8 November 1234 (89 years old)

Distinguished jurist and close confidant of Saladin who authored the authoritative contemporary biography Al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya.

Aleppo, Syria

8 Full Record →

Politics

9

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Abu al-Ula Idris al-Ma'mun

أبو العلاء إدريس المأمون

Morocco

c. 1186 – 1232 (~46 years old)

Almohad Caliph (1227–1232) who famously renounced Ibn Tumart's dogma of infallibility, restored traditional Sunni Maliki orthodox doctrine in Marrakech, and commissioned the first Christian church in the capital.

Marrakech, Morocco

9 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

43

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Saint Elizabeth of Hungary

Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet

Hungary

1207 – 1231 (24 years old)

Princesse royale de Hongrie et sainte médiévale, qui renonça à toute gloire princière pour construire un hôpital à Marbourg et soigner personnellement les plus misérables.

Marburg, Hesse, Germany

43 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

11

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Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Qattan

أبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن القطان الفاسي

Morocco

1166 – 1231 (65 years old)

Towering hadith critic and jurist of Fez and Sijilmasa, author of 'Bayan al-Wahm wa-l-Iham', acclaimed across the Islamic world as one of the greatest critical minds in hadith sciences.

Rissani (Tafilalt), Morocco

11 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

14

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Abu Said al-Baji

أبو سعيد الباجي

Tunisia

1156 – 1231 (75 years old)

Venerated 13th-century Sufi master and scholar after whom the famous blue-and-white clifftop village of Sidi Bou Said is named, who served as ribat watchman guarding the Gulf of Tunis.

Sidi Bou Said, Tunisia

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Religious Figures & Theologians

54

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Sidi Bou Said

سيدي بو سعيد (أبو سعيد الباجي)

Tunisia

1156 – 1231 (75 years old)

Revered 13th-century Sufi master and spiritual lookout who established his hermitage atop the cliffs of Djebel Menara, giving his name to the world-famous blue-and-white clifftop village.

Sidi Bou Said, Tunisia

54 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

41

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Walther von der Vogelweide

Walther von der Vogelweide

Austria

c. 1170 – c. 1230 (60 years old)

Supreme Middle High German lyric poet and Minnesänger who elevated courtly love songs (Under der linden) and political Spruchdichtung across the courts of Europe.

Würzburg, Germany

41 Full Record →