Historical Archives & Public Figures

Guru Har Krishan Ji (Eighth Sikh Guru & The Child Healer)

ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ਜੀ

India

1656 – 1664 (7 years old)

Ascending to the Guruship at the tender age of five, Guru Har Krishan possessed astonishing spiritual wisdom and divine compassion; during a lethal smallpox epidemic in Delhi, he personally cared for the dying until contracting the disease himself at age seven.

New Delhi, India

74 Full Record →

Politics

8

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Queen Nzinga

Nzinga Mbande

Angola

1583-01-01 – 1663-12-17 (80 years old)

Brilliant 17th-century African monarch and military tactician who ruled Ndongo and Matamba, waging a four-decade guerrilla war against Portuguese colonial enslavement.

Matamba, Angola

8 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

50

🕯️ 1,150

Queen Nzinga Mbande (Ngola Ana Nzinga)

Njinga Mbandi Ana de Sousa

Angola

c. 1583 CE – 17 December 1663 (~80 years old)

Fearless 17th-century African monarch who fought Portuguese colonial subjugation for over four decades. A master diplomat and battlefield tactician who transformed Ndongo and Matamba into a sanctuary for escaped enslaved people.

Matamba, Angola

50 Full Record →

Agriculture

8

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Guillaume Couillard

France

c. 1591 – 1663 (72 years old)

Early pioneer who arrived in Quebec in 1613, married Louis Hébert's daughter Guillemette, mastered river navigation, and became the first Canadian colonist to be ennobled by King Louis XIV.

Quebec City, Canada

8 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

42

🕯️ 930

Blaise Pascal

France

19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662 (39 years old)

French child prodigy who invented the mechanical calculator (Pascaline), founded probability theory with Fermat, and proved that atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.

Paris, France

42 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

45

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Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong)

鄭成功 / 國姓爺

Japan

1624 – 1662 (37 years old)

Ming loyalist general and maritime lord who waged war against the Qing dynasty, defeated the Dutch East India Company, and founded the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan.

Tainan, Taiwan

45 Full Record →

Guru Har Rai Ji (Seventh Sikh Guru & Healer of Creation)

Prophets & Divine Messengers

48

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Guru Har Rai Ji (Seventh Sikh Guru & Healer of Creation)

ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ਜੀ

India

1630 – 1661 (31 years old)

The seventh Sikh Guru maintained a cavalry of 2,200 soldiers to ensure peace without ever fighting a single offensive war; he established the subcontinent's most advanced botanical gardens and free hospitals, even curing the dying Mughal prince Dara Shikoh.

Kiratpur Sahib, India

48 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

45

🕯️ 680

Cardinal Mazarin

Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino

Italy

1602-07-14 – 1661-03-09 (58 years old)

Master diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), establishing French continental supremacy.

Vincennes, France

45 Full Record →

Monarchy

1

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Garcia II of Kongo

Garcia II Nkanga a Lukeni

Kingdom of Kongo

c. 1615 – 1661-01-23 (46 years old)

Formidable Manikongo of the House of Kinlaza who ruled for two decades (1641–1661), successfully allying with the Dutch West India Company to counter Portuguese colonial aggression and defending Kongo sovereignty.

M'banza-Kongo, Angola

1 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

50

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Saint Vincent de Paul

Vincent de Paul

France

1581 – 1660 (79 years old)

Prêtre français, figure tutélaire de la charité catholique organisée, fondateur de la Congrégation de la Mission (Lazaristes) et cofondateur des Filles de la Charité.

Paris, France

50 Full Record →

Arts & Music

46

🕯️ 990

Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez

Diego Velázquez

Spain

6 June 1599 (Baptism) – 6 August 1660 (~61 years old)

Supreme giant of the Spanish Golden Age and leading painter at the court of King Philip IV, celebrated for his profound psychological insight, optical atmospheric realism, and his meta-artistic pinnacle Las Meninas.

Madrid, Spain

46 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

40

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Sainte Louise de Marillac

Louise de Marillac

France

1591 – 1660 (68 years old)

Religieuse française et sainte, cofondatrice avec Vincent de Paul des Filles de la Charité, proclamée sainte patronne des travailleurs sociaux.

Paris, France

40 Full Record →

Arts & Music

37

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Judith Jans Leyster

Judith Leyster

Netherlands

1609 – 1660 (50 years old)

Leading woman master of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first admitted to the Haarlem Guild of Saint Luke, celebrated for lively genre scenes and her sparkling 'Self-Portrait'.

Heemstede, Netherlands

37 Full Record →

Monarchs, Kings & Royalty

38

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Garcia II of Kongo

Garcia II Nkanga a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba

Congo

c. 1615 CE – 1660 (45 years old)

One of the greatest Manikongos (Kings) of Kongo, who formed a strategic military alliance with the Dutch West India Company and Queen Nzinga to resist Portuguese encroachment.

Mbanza Kongo, Angola

38 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

24

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Moulay Ali Cherif

مولاي علي الشريف

Morocco

1589 – 1659 (70 years old)

Patriarch and founder of the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco, descended from Hasan ibn Ali, who was proclaimed Emir of Tafilalet in 1631, establishing the ruling royal house of Morocco.

Rissani (Tafilalet), Morocco

24 Full Record →

Art

7

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Frans Snyders

Belgium

1579 – 1657 (77 years old)

Flemish Baroque master who revolutionized animal and market painting, creating ferocious hunting scenes and bountiful pantry still lifes, frequently collaborating with Peter Paul Rubens.

Antwerp, Belgium

7 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

44

🕯️ 870

William Harvey

Great Britain

1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657 (79 years old)

English physician whose 1628 masterwork De Motu Cordis proved the complete systemic circulation of blood pumped continuously by the heart in a closed circuit throughout the body.

Hempstead (Essex), United Kingdom

44 Full Record →

Prophets & Divine Messengers

9

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Clara Peeters

Belgium

c. 1594 – c. 1657 (63 years old)

Trailblazing Flemish woman painter who pioneered the ontbijtjes (breakfast pieces) still-life genre, famed for luminous metal reflections that frequently included miniature self-portraits.

Antwerp, Belgium

9 Full Record →

Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries