Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Sciences & Discovery

16

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Rudolf Mössbauer

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer

Germany

1929 – 2011 (82 years old)

German experimental physicist who discovered recoilless nuclear resonance absorption of gamma rays (the Mössbauer effect), awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics at age thirty-two.

Gräfelfing, Germany

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Sciences & Discovery

14

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David Servan-Schreiber

David Servan-Schreiber

France

1961 – 2011 (50 years old)

French neuroscientist, psychiatrist, and physician whose international bestsellers Healing Without Freud or Prozac and Anticancer pioneered integrative medicine and lifestyle oncology.

Veauville-lès-Baons, France

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Sciences & Discovery

13

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Willard Boyle

Willard Sterling Boyle

Canada

1924 – 2011 (86 years old)

Canadian physicist who co-invented the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) sensor at Bell Labs, winning the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics and enabling the digital imaging revolution.

Wallace, Canada

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Sciences & Discovery

12

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William Lipscomb

William Nunn Lipscomb Jr.

United States

1919 – 2011 (91 years old)

Eminent American chemist awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his groundbreaking structural and theoretical studies of borane chemical bonding.

Cambridge, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

13

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Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Baruch Samuel Blumberg

United States

1925 – 2011 (85 years old)

American medical scientist who discovered the Hepatitis B virus, developed its diagnostic screening test, and invented the Hepatitis B vaccine, winning the 1976 Nobel Prize.

Philadelphia, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

13

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Paul Baran

Pessach Baran

Poland

1926 – 2011 (84 years old)

Polish-American engineer at the RAND Corporation who co-invented packet switching, conceiving the decentralized distributed communications architecture that became the ARPANET and Internet.

Palo Alto, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

12

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Ken Olsen

Kenneth Harry Olsen

United States

1926 – 2011 (84 years old)

Pioneering American engineer who co-founded Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1957, creating the PDP and VAX minicomputers that democratized interactive computing.

Fishers, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

12

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Erhard Heinz

Erhard Heinz

Germany

1924 – 2010 (86 years old)

German mathematician renowned for his contributions to non-linear partial differential equations, the Bernstein theorem, and differential geometry.

Göttingen, Germany

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Sciences & Discovery

11

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Albert Ghiorso

Albert Ghiorso

United States

1915 – 2010 (95 years old)

Prolific American nuclear scientist who co-discovered twelve chemical elements on the periodic table (from americium to seaborgium), holding the record for the most elements co-discovered.

El Cerrito, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

10

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Tawhida Ben Cheikh

توحيدة بن الشيخ

Tunisia

1909 – 2010 (101 years old)

First modern female physician in Tunisia and the Arab world, pioneering pediatrician and gynecologist who championed women's reproductive healthcare, honored on the Tunisian 10-dinar banknote.

Tunis, Tunisia

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Sciences & Discovery

11

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Frank Fenner

Frank John Fenner

Australia

1914 – 2010 (95 years old)

Eminent Australian microbiologist who played a pivotal role in eradicating smallpox and controlling Australia's wild rabbit plague through the myxoma virus.

Canberra, Australia

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Sciences & Discovery

12

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Brian G. Marsden

Brian Geoffrey Marsden

Great Britain

1937 – 2010 (73 years old)

British-American astronomer who served as director of the Minor Planet Center for nearly three decades, specializing in calculating orbits of comets and near-Earth asteroids.

Burlington, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

14

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Georges Mathé

Georges Mathé

France

1922 – 2010 (88 years old)

French oncologist and immunologist who performed the first successful allogeneic bone marrow transplants on humans and pioneered cancer immunotherapy.

Sermages, France

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Sciences & Discovery

13

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Benoît Mandelbrot

Benoît B. Mandelbrot

Poland

1924 – 2010 (85 years old)

Polish-born French-American mathematician widely acclaimed as the father of fractal geometry, identifying self-similar geometric patterns underlying natural phenomena.

Cambridge, United States

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Sciences & Discovery

14

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Maurice Allais

Maurice Allais

France

1911 – 2010 (99 years old)

French polymath and economist awarded the 1988 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources.

Saint-Cloud, France

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Sciences & Discovery

14

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Keith Campbell

Keith Henry Stockman Campbell

Great Britain

1954 – 2010 (56 years old)

British cell biologist who pioneered somatic cell nuclear transfer, playing the central role in creating Dolly the sheep, the world's first mammal cloned from an adult cell.

Derbyshire, United Kingdom

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Sciences & Discovery

14

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Georges Charpak

Jerzy Charpak

Poland

1924 – 2010 (86 years old)

Polish-born French physicist awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the multiwire proportional chamber, transforming particle physics.

Paris, France

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Sciences & Discovery

15

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Stephen Schneider

Stephen Henry Schneider

United States

1945 – 2010 (65 years old)

Pioneering American climate scientist and Stanford University professor who sounded the earliest public alarms on global warming and co-authored all four initial IPCC Assessment Reports.

Stanford, United States

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