Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Arts & Music

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Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin

Иван Иванович Шишкин

Russia

1832 – 1898 (66 years old)

Supreme Russian landscape painter of majestic pine forests and ancient oak groves whose masterwork 'Morning in a Pine Forest' is the most recognizable painting in Russian culture.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Arts & Music

39

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Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms

Germany

7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897 (63 years old)

Towering master of German Late Romanticism whose rigorous classical counterpoint, four monumental symphonies, Violin Concerto, and Ein deutsches Requiem upheld Beethoven's heritage with profound autumn warmth.

Vienna, Austria

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Arts & Music

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Antonio Carlos Gomes

Antônio Carlos Gomes

Brazil

1836 – 1896 (60 years old)

Brazilian composer who was the first New World opera composer to achieve triumphant success in Europe, renowned for his 1870 opera Il Guarany staged at La Scala in Milan.

Campinas (Sao Paulo), Brazil

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Arts & Music

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Sir John Everett Millais

John Everett Millais

Great Britain

1829 – 1896 (67 years old)

Prodigy co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood whose botanical tour-de-force 'Ophelia' (1851) and 'Christ in the House of His Parents' are crowns of Victorian British art.

London, United Kingdom

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Arts & Music

4,047

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Berthe Morisot

Berthe Marie Pauline Morisot

France

1841 – 1895 (54 years old)

Founding French Impressionist painter celebrated for her delicate brushwork, luminous light, and sensitive domestic portraits.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

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Hadda El Ghiyathia (Kharboucha)

حادة الغياثية خربوشة

Morocco

c. 1870 – c. 1895 (~25 years old)

Legendary 19th-century folk poetess and Cheikha of Aita Hasbaouia from Abda who wielded satirical verse against the tyrannical feudal lord Caïd Aïssa Ben Omar, becoming an immortal icon of popular resistance.

Safi, Morocco

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Arts & Music

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Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge

Николай Николаевич Ге

Russia

1831 – 1894 (63 years old)

Russian realist painter and close friend of Leo Tolstoy whose dramatic biblical confrontations—such as 'What is Truth?' (Christ and Pilate)—revolutionized religious painting.

Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine

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Arts & Music

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Gustave Caillebotte

Gustave Caillebotte

France

1848 – 1894 (45 years old)

Pioneering Impressionist painter of Haussmann's modern Paris ('Paris Street; Rainy Day') and generous patron whose bequest founded the national Impressionist collection in the Musée d'Orsay.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Пётр Ильич Чайковский

Russia

7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893 (53 years old)

Foremost Russian composer of the Romantic era whose incomparable melodic sweep and emotional intensity created the definitive ballet classics (Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty) and the tragic Pathétique Symphony.

Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Arts & Music

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John Atkinson Grimshaw

John Atkinson Grimshaw

Great Britain

1836 – 1893 (57 years old)

Victorian master painter whose atmospheric nocturnes of gaslit wet cobblestone streets, moonlit autumn estates, and misty shipping docks rivaled Whistler.

Leeds, United Kingdom

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Arts & Music

3,247

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Georges Seurat

Georges Pierre Seurat

France

1859 – 1891 (31 years old)

French Post-Impressionist master who pioneered Pointillism and optical chromoluminarism.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

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Vincent Willem van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh

Netherlands

30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890 (37 years old)

Tragic Post-Impressionist visionary whose swirling, passionate impasto brushstrokes, incandescent emotional colors, and incandescent canvases (The Starry Night, Sunflowers) fundamentally created modern Expressionism.

Auvers-sur-Oise (Val-d'Oise), France

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Arts & Music

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Alexandre Cabanel

Alexandre Cabanel

France

1823 – 1889 (65 years old)

French academic master whose sensuous 'Birth of Venus' was personally purchased by Emperor Napoleon III in 1863, and whose 'The Fallen Angel' remains an icon of Romantic pathos.

Montpellier, France

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Arts & Music

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Alexander Borodin

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin

Russia

1833 – 1887 (53 years old)

Russian composer of The Mighty Handful and distinguished professor of organic chemistry, celebrated for 'Prince Igor', the 'Polovtsian Dances', and his Second Symphony.

Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire

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Arts & Music

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Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc)

Liszt Ferenc

Austria

22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886 (74 years old)

Hungarian musical titan and greatest piano virtuoso in history, who invented the solo piano recital and the orchestral symphonic poem, composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies, and anticipated modern harmony.

Bayreuth, Germany

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Arts & Music

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Bedřich Smetana

Bedřich Smetana

Austria

1824 – 1884 (60 years old)

Father of Czech classical music, celebrated worldwide for his comic opera 'The Bartered Bride' and the magnificent symphonic cycle 'Má vlast' containing the beloved river poem 'Vltava'.

Prague, Bohemia (Austria-Hungary)

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Arts & Music

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Eva Gonzalès

Eva Gonzalès

France

1849 – 1883 (34 years old)

French Impressionist painter and sole formal pupil of Édouard Manet whose tender, luminous canvases like 'A Box at the Théâtre des Italiens' captured Paris cultural life.

Paris, France

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Arts & Music

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Édouard Manet

Édouard Manet

France

1832 – 1883 (51 years old)

French modernist painter who served as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.

Paris, France

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