Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Arts & Music

38

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Andrea di Pietro della Gondola

Andrea Palladio

Italy

1508 – 1580 (71 years old)

Most influential architect in Western history whose 'The Four Books of Architecture' and harmonious villas (Villa Capra 'La Rotonda') created worldwide Palladianism.

Vicenza, Italy

38 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

49

🕯️ 955

Luís Vaz de Camões

Luís de Camões

Portugal

c. 1524–1525 – 10 June 1580 (~56 years old)

Portugal's supreme national poet and adventurer who lost his right eye in battle in Ceuta, composing the monumental national epic Os Lusíadas (The Lusiads) in ten cantos celebrating Vasco da Gama's oceanic route to India.

Lisbon, Portugal

49 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

46

🕯️ 940

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha

Mehmed-paša Sokolović

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1506-01-01 – 1579-10-11 (73 years old)

De facto ruler during the Ottoman Golden Age whose exceptional administrative mastery preserved imperial strength through dynastic transitions.

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey

46 Full Record →

Architecture

7

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Pierre Lescot

Pierre Lescot

France

c. 1515 – 1578 (63 years old)

Pioneering French Renaissance architect who introduced pure classical Roman proportions to Paris, designing the iconic Lescot Wing of the Louvre Palace and the Fontaine des Innocents in collaboration with Jean Goujon.

Paris, France

7 Full Record →

Politics

8

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Abu Abdallah Muhammad II al-Mutawakkil

محمد المتوكل السعدي المسلوخ

Morocco

c. 1546 – 1578 (~32 years old)

Saadian sultan who was deposed by his uncle Abd al-Malik and allied with King Sebastian of Portugal, drowning during the fateful Battle of the Three Kings (Wadi al-Makhazin) in 1578.

Ksar El Kebir, Morocco

8 Full Record →

Military Leaders & Strategists

22

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Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I

عبد الملك الأول السعدي

Morocco

c. 1541 – 1578 (~37 years old)

Brilliant Saadian Sultan who personally commanded the Moroccan army to its epochal victory at the Battle of the Three Kings (Alcácer Quibir) in 1578, altering European and African history.

Marrakesh, Morocco

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Military Leaders & Strategists

17

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Ramadan Pasha

رمضان باشا

Italy

c. 1525 – 1577 (~52 years old)

Pasha of Algiers (1574–1577) who played a pivotal role in the final recapture of Tunis and La Goulette from the Spanish Empire in 1574 alongside Uluj Ali.

Algiers, Algeria

17 Full Record →

Arts & Music

35

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Tiziano Vecellio

Tiziano Vecellio

Italy

c. 1488 – 1576 (88 years old)

Supreme master of the Venetian school whose dynamic brushwork, vibrant colorism, and imperial portraits for Emperor Charles V revolutionized European oil painting.

Venice, Italy

35 Full Record →

Arts & Music

47

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Tiziano Vecellio (Titian)

Tiziano Vecellio

Italy

c. 1488/1490 – 27 August 1576 (~88 years old)

Supreme giant of the Venetian School of painting whose revolutionary mastery of glowing color (*colorito*), expressive brushwork, and monumental compositions influenced generations of European painters from Rubens to Velázquez.

Venice, Italy

47 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

42

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Heinrich Bullinger

Heinrich Bullinger

Switzerland

1504 – 1575 (71 years old)

Successor to Zwingli as Antistes of Zurich for forty-four years whose 'Second Helvetic Confession' unified the Reformed churches across Europe and whose 12,000 letters guided kings.

Zurich, Switzerland

42 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

50

🕯️ 870

Joseph ben Ephraim Karo (Maran / Author of the Shulchan Aruch)

יוֹסֵף קָארוֹ

Spain

c. 1488 CE – 24 March 1575 CE (87 years old)

Venerated as "Maran" (Our Master). Expelled from Spain in 1492, he settled in the mystical Galilean city of Safed, authoring the Beit Yosef and the Shulchan Aruch (The Prepared Table)—the universally authoritative code of Jewish halakhic law.

Safed (Tzfat), Palestine

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Prophets & Divine Messengers

44

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Guru Amar Das Ji (Third Sikh Guru & Champion of Equality)

ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ਜੀ

India

1479 – 1574 (95 years old)

Ascending to the Guruship at the age of seventy-three after years of humble service fetching water from the river, Guru Amar Das revolutionized Punjabi society by banning the veil (purdah) and widow-burning (sati), creating the Manji system of administration.

Goindwal Sahib, India

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

47

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Michel de L'Hôpital

Michel de L'Hôpital

France

c. 1505 – 1573 (68 years old)

Chancellor of France and humanist statesman who pioneered modern religious toleration and judicial reform in the Edict of Saint-Germain.

Champmotteux (Essonne), France

47 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

44

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John Knox

John Knox

Scotland

c. 1514 – 1572 (58 years old)

Fiery leader of the Scottish Reformation, disciple of Calvin, and founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland who defied Mary, Queen of Scots in defense of the Reformed faith.

Edinburgh, United Kingdom

44 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

44

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Isaac ben Solomon Luria

יצחק לוריא

🌐 Israel

1534 – 1572 (38 years old)

Supreme kabbalist of Safed whose revolutionary mystical doctrines of Tzimtzum (divine contraction), Shevirat HaKelim (shattering of the vessels), and Tikkun Olam reshaped Judaism.

Safed, Israel

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

29

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Hassan Pasha of Algiers

حسن باشا بن خير الدين بربروس

Algeria

c. 1517 – 1572 (55 years old)

Son of Hayreddin Barbarossa and Algerian Berber mother who served three terms as ruler of Algiers, successfully defending the Regency against Spanish invasions and Moroccan sieges.

Istanbul, Turkey

29 Full Record →

Religious Figures & Theologians

39

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Moses ben Jacob Cordovero

משה קורדובירו

🌐 Israel

1522 – 1570 (48 years old)

Eminent Safed kabbalist and master synthesizer whose works 'Pardes Rimonim' and 'Tomer Devorah' harmonized Zoharic mysticism with profound personal ethics.

Safed, Israel

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Architecture

10

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Philibert de l'Orme

Philibert de l'Orme

France

c. 1514 – 1570 (55 years old)

Greatest French Renaissance architectural theorist and engineer who served as royal architect to Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, designing Château d'Anet, the Tuileries Palace, and inventing curved timber construction.

Paris, France

10 Full Record →