Historical Archives & Public Figures

Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (The Grand Condé)

Louis II de Bourbon, prince de Condé

France

1621 – 1686 (65 years old)

First Prince of the Blood and French military prodigy who destroyed the invincible Spanish tercios at Rocroi at age 21 and won Lens and Seneffe.

Vallery (Yonne), France

50 Full Record →

Science

8

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Nicolas Steno

Niels Steensen

Denmark

1638-01-11 – 1686-11-25 (48 years old)

Visionary Danish scientist and anatomist revered as the father of geology and stratigraphy, formulator of Steno's laws of superposition and crystal constancy.

Florence, Italy

8 Full Record →

Sciences & Discovery

41

🕯️ 760

Otto von Guericke

Germany

20 November 1602 – 21 May 1686 (83 years old)

Mayor of Magdeburg who invented the mechanical vacuum pump, staged the famous 1654 Magdeburg Hemispheres demonstration with two teams of eight horses, and built the first electrostatic generator.

Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt), Germany

41 Full Record →

Military

7

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Charles Le Moyne

France

1626 – 1685 (58 years old)

Normandy-born soldier and merchant who became the preeminent military leader of early Montreal and fathered a legendary dynasty of warriors and explorers, including Iberville and Bienville.

Montreal, Canada

7 Full Record →

Science

9

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Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Fasi

عبد الرحمن بن عبد القادر الفاسي

Morocco

1631 – 1685 (54 years old)

Prodigious 17th-century Moroccan universal genius, author of over 170 works spanning Andalusian musical theory, spherical geometry, medical pharmacology, and Hadith sciences.

Fez, Morocco

9 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

48

🕯️ 930

Pierre Corneille

France

6 June 1606 – 1 October 1684 (78 years old)

The foundational patriarch of French classical tragedy, celebrated as 'Le Grand Corneille', whose masterpieces Le Cid, Horace, and Cinna forged the heroic 'cornelian dilemma'—the agonizing triumph of moral honor and duty over love.

Paris, France

48 Full Record →

Arts & Music

39

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Pieter de Hooch

Netherlands

1629 – 1684 (54 years old)

Dutch Golden Age painter of Delft domestic tranquility whose mastery of open doorways, interior light (doorkijkje), and sunlit brick courtyards rivaled Johannes Vermeer.

Amsterdam, Netherlands

39 Full Record →

Science

14

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Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Rudani

محمد بن سليمان الروداني

Morocco

1627 – 1683 (56 years old)

Visionary 17th-century Moroccan astronomer and mechanical inventor from Taroudant who invented a universal spherical astrolabe and served as custodian of astronomical timekeeping in Mecca.

Damascus, Syria

14 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

63

🕯️ 700

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

France

1619-08-29 – 1683-09-06 (64 years old)

Pioneered industrial state planning and mercantilism, creating the industrial, commercial, and naval infrastructure that financed the Grand Siècle.

Paris, France

63 Full Record →

Statesmanship & Statesmen

10

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Dey Baba Hassan

بابا حسن داي

Algeria

c. 1625 – 1683 (~58 years old)

Dey of Algiers who commanded city defenses during the fierce French naval bombardments commanded by Admiral Duquesne in 1682–1683.

Algiers, Algeria

10 Full Record →

Arts & Music

4,203

🕯️ 106

Claude Lorrain

Claude Gellée

France

1 – 1682 (82 years old)

Master of idealized classical landscape and golden atmospheric light who transformed landscape into high fine art.

Rome, Italy

4,203 Full Record →

Arts & Music

36

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Jacob Isaackszoon van Ruisdael

Jacob van Ruisdael

Netherlands

c. 1628 – 1682 (54 years old)

Foremost landscape painter of the Dutch Golden Age whose dramatic cloud-filled skies, churning waterfalls, and 'The Jewish Cemetery' infused nature with heroic poetics.

Haarlem, Netherlands

36 Full Record →

Arts & Music

35

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Gerard ter Borch

Netherlands

1617 – 1681 (64 years old)

Dutch Golden Age master of delicate genre scenes and diplomatic history whose rendering of shimmering white satin and subtle psychological interactions was unmatched.

Deventer, Netherlands

35 Full Record →

Literature & Poetry

36

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Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Spain

1600 – 1681 (81 years old)

Foremost dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age whose philosophical masterpiece La vida es sueño (Life Is a Dream) explored free will, illusion, and destiny.

Madrid, Spain

36 Full Record →

Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño

Literature & Poetry

46

🕯️ 920

Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño

Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Spain

17 January 1600 – 25 May 1681 (81 years old)

Supreme dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) whose philosophical masterpiece La vida es sueño (Life Is a Dream) explored free will, illusion, and human destiny with theological and poetic brilliance.

Madrid, Spain

46 Full Record →

Science

1

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Thomas Bartholin

Kingdom of Denmark

1616-10-20 – 1680-12-04 (64 years old)

Pioneering anatomist and physician who in 1652 discovered and mapped the human lymphatic system, introducing refrigeration anesthesia and publishing the landmark anatomical atlas 'Anatomia'.

Copenhagen, Denmark

1 Full Record →

Arts & Music

40

🕯️ 985

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Italy

7 December 1598 – 28 November 1680 (81 years old)

Titan of Roman Baroque art who transformed cold marble into supple flesh and fluttering silk in Apollo and Daphne and The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, and designed St. Peter's Square colosseum-colonnade.

Rome, Italy

40 Full Record →