Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Humanitarian & Peace

33

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Alfred Fried

Alfred Hermann Fried

Austria

1864 – 1921 (56 years old)

Austrian pacifist author and publisher who co-founded the German Peace Society alongside Bertha von Suttner, edited 'Die Friedens-Warte', and was awarded the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific theory of international organizational pacifism.

Vienna, Austria

33 Full Record →

Humanitarian & Peace

34

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Alfred Hermann Fried

Alfred Hermann Fried

Austria

11 November 1864 – 5 May 1921 (56 years old)

Alfred Hermann Fried was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, journalist, and publisher who co-founded the German Peace Society (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft) in 1892 alongside Bertha von Suttner. As editor of 'Die Waffen nieder!' and 'Die Friedens-Warte', he pioneered 'scientific pacifism', advocating international organization as an economic and structural necessity, receiving the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize.

Vienna, Austria

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Resistance & Human Rights

34

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Moha ou Hammou Zayani

موحا وحمو الزياني

Morocco

c. 1857 – 1921 (64 years old)

Moroccan Amazigh tribal warrior and leader of the Zaian confederation who inflicted the catastrophic defeat of the French army at the Battle of El Herri in 1914, remaining undefeated until his martyrdom.

Ben Guérir (Khenifra), Morocco

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Science

1

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Colin Archer

Colin Archer

Norway

1832-07-22 – 1921-02-28 (88 years old)

Master Norwegian naval architect and boat builder who designed the legendary polar exploration vessel Fram and pioneered double-ended, seaworthy sailing rescue cutters (redningsskøyter).

Larvik, Norway

1 Full Record →

Economics

1

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Carl Menger

Carl Menger von Wolfensgrün

Austria

1840-02-23 – 1921-02-26 (81 years old)

Foundational economist whose 1871 masterpiece 'Principles of Economics' pioneered the Marginalist Revolution and established the world-renowned Austrian School of Economics.

Vienna, Austria

1 Full Record →

Art

2

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Xavier Mellery

Xavier Mellery

Belgium

1845 – 1921 (75 years old)

Pioneering Belgian Symbolist painter and master of mystical chiaroscuro whose poetic cycle L'Âme des choses (The Soul of Things) deeply influenced Fernand Khnopff and European Symbolism.

Brussels, Belgium

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Literature & Poetry

9

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Mohamed Ben Cherif

محمد بن الشريف

Algeria

1879 – 1921 (42 years old)

Pioneering early 20th-century Algerian writer and intellectual whose 1920 work 'Ahmed ben Mostapha, goumier' is one of the earliest French-language novels by an Algerian.

Djelfa, Algeria

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

36

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Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg

Germany

1856 – 1921 (64 years old)

Imperial Chancellor of Germany from 1909 to 1917 whose leadership guided Germany during the July Crisis of 1914 and who sought domestic democratic electoral reform.

Hohenfinow (Brandenburg), Germany

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

5

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Moussa ag Amastan

ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵜⴰⵏ

Algeria

1867 – 1920 (53 years old)

Supreme Amenokal (Sovereign Paramount Chief) of the Kel Ahaggar Tuareg from 1905 to 1920, who preserved tribal law, peace, and cultural heritage.

Tit (Tamanrasset), Algeria

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Prophets & Divine Messengers

4

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Sayyid Muhammad Abdullah Hassan

Sayyid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan

🌐 Somalia

1856-04-07 – 1920-12-21 (64 years old)

Visionary leader of the Dervish movement who waged a twenty-year armed anti-colonial resistance (1900–1920) against British, Italian, and Ethiopian forces, acclaimed as Somalia's greatest classical poet.

Imey, Ethiopia

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Arts & Music

35

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Max Bruch

Max Christian Friedrich Bruch

Germany

1838 – 1920 (82 years old)

German Romantic composer and conductor whose Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor and Hebrew melody 'Kol Nidrei' for cello and orchestra remain beloved staples of the concert repertoire.

Berlin, Germany

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Literature & Poetry

8

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Dan Andersson

Daniel Andersson

Sweden

1888-04-06 – 1920-09-16 (32 years old)

Beloved poet of the Bergslagen wilderness whose haunting charcoal burner ballads and collections 'Kolvaktarens visor' and 'Svarta ballader' form an eternal part of Swedish folk culture.

Ludvika, Sweden

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Art

1

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Charlie Edenshaw

Charlie Edenshaw

Canada

c. 1839 – 12 September 1920 (81 years old)

Supreme master Haida artist whose virtuoso argillite carvings, silver repoussé bracelets, and crest poles kept Haida cosmology alive through devastating smallpox epidemics.

Masset, Canada

1 Full Record →

Politics

1

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John Sebastian Helmcken

John Sebastian Helmcken

Great Britain

1824 – 1920 (96 years old)

Hudson's Bay Company surgeon who became Speaker of the Vancouver Island legislature, founding president of the BC Medical Association, and a chief negotiator of British Columbia's entry into Confederation.

Victoria (British Columbia), Canada

1 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

15

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Sadun al-Suwayhli

سعدون السويحلي

Libya

1890 – 1920 (30 years old)

Heroic young cavalry commander of Misrata and brother of Ramadan al-Suwayhli, whose decisive tactical charge routed the Italian army at the Battle of Qasr Abu Hadi on April 29, 1915.

Misrata, Libya

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Resistance & Human Rights

19

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Ramadan al-Suwayhili

رمضان السويحلي

Libya

1879 – August 24, 1920 (41 years old)

Valiant Libyan military commander and patriot who inflicted a historic defeat on the Italian Royal Army at the Battle of Qasr Bu Hadi in 1915 and served as a founding leader of the pioneering Tripolitanian Republic.

Misrata, Libya

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Art

1

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Anders Zorn

Anders Leonard Zorn

Sweden

1860-02-18 – 1920-08-22 (60 years old)

Virtuoso Swedish master painter and etcher renowned worldwide for his dazzling brushwork, shimmering depictions of water and nudes, and portraits of three US Presidents.

Mora, Sweden

1 Full Record →

Resistance & Human Rights

45

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Ramadan al-Suwayhli

رمضان السويحلي

Libya

c. 1879 – 1920 (41 years old)

Pioneering Libyan nationalist commander who crushed Italian colonial armies at the Battle of Qasr Bu Hadi in 1915 and helped establish the historic Tripolitanian Republic, the first democratic republic in the Arab world.

Misrata, Libya

45 Full Record →