Public Figures & Cultural Luminaries

Resistance & Human Rights

46

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Fred Korematsu

Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu (是松 豊三郎)

United States

30 January 1919 – 30 March 2005 (86 years old)

Fred Korematsu was an American civil rights activist who courageously refused to comply with President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, which forcibly interned over 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II. Challenging his conviction all the way to the US Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States (1944), he persevered for four decades until his conviction was formally overturned in 1983.

Larkspur, Marin County, California, United States

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Arts & Music

13

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Ahmed Zaki

أحمد زكي

Egypt

1949 – 2005 (55 years old)

Universally revered as Egypt's greatest method actor, 'The Black Tiger' delivered astonishing chameleon transformations embodying Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Taha Hussein, and Abdel Halim Hafez.

Cairo, Egypt

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Arts & Music

37

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Kenzo Tange

丹下 健三

Japan

1913 – 2005 (91 years old)

Titan of 20th-century architecture who rebuilt Hiroshima with the Peace Memorial Park, designed the iconic sweeping suspension roofs of the Yoyogi National Gymnasium, and won the 1987 Pritzker Prize.

Tokyo, Japan

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Statesmanship & Statesmen

33

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George F. Kennan

George Frost Kennan

United States

1904 – 2005 (101 years old)

Visionary American diplomat, historian, and ambassador whose 1946 'Long Telegram' and 'X Article' formulated the grand strategy of Soviet Containment.

Princeton, New Jersey, United States

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Politics

1

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Bildad Kaggia

Bildad Mwaganu Kaggia

Kenya

1921-01-01 – 2005-03-07 (84 years old)

Incorruptible Kapenguria Six freedom fighter and central committee strategist of the Mau Mau rebellion who sacrificed wealth and cabinet rank to fight for land redistribution to the poor.

Murang'a, Kenya

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Sports & Athletics

29

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Rinus Michels

Marinus Jacobus Hendricus Michels

Netherlands

9 February 1928 – 3 March 2005 (77 years old)

Marinus 'Rinus' Michels was a visionary Dutch football manager named 'Coach of the Century' by FIFA in 1999 for inventing 'Total Football' (Totaalvoetbal). Guiding AFC Ajax to their first European Cup in 1971, taking the Netherlands to the 1974 World Cup final, and coaching them to the 1988 European Championship, his tactical philosophies laid the foundations for modern pressing and positional play.

Aalst, Belgium

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Literature & Poetry

7

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Djamel Amrani

جمال عمراني

Algeria

1935 – 2005 (69 years old)

Major Algerian poet and resistance writer who took part in the 1956 student strike, survived horrific colonial torture, and published his moving testimony 'Le Témoin' in Paris in 1960.

Algiers, Algeria

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Resistance & Human Rights

45

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Peter Benenson

Peter James Henry Solomon Benenson

Great Britain

31 July 1921 – 25 February 2005 (83 years old)

Peter Benenson was a visionary British barrister and human rights campaigner who founded Amnesty International in 1961 after reading about two Portuguese students imprisoned for raising a toast to freedom. Pioneering grassroots letter-writing campaigns and the concept of 'prisoners of conscience', Benenson mobilized millions of ordinary citizens worldwide to hold dictatorial regimes accountable to universal standards of justice.

Oxford, Great Britain

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Sciences & Discovery

32

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Ernst Mayr

Ernst Walter Mayr

Germany

1904 – 2005 (100 years old)

German-American evolutionary biologist hailed as the 'Darwin of the 20th Century', who formulated the Biological Species Concept in 1942, proved allopatric speciation through geographic isolation, and authored 'Systematics and the Origin of Species'.

Cambridge (Massachusetts), United States

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Sports & Athletics

38

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Max Schmeling

Maximilian Adolph Otto Siegfried Schmeling

Germany

28 September 1905 – 2 February 2005 (99 years old)

Max Schmeling was a German heavyweight boxing champion who became the only German to win the World Heavyweight Championship (1930–1932) and famously handed Joe Louis his first professional defeat in 1936. Despite being exploited by Nazi propaganda, Schmeling refused to join the Nazi party, retained his Jewish manager Joe Jacobs, and secretly sheltered Jewish children in his Berlin hotel during the 1938 Kristallnacht.

Hollenstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany

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Literature & Poetry

3

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Manuel Lopes

Manuel Antonio do Carmo Lopes

Cape Verde

1907-12-23 – 2005-01-25 (97 years old)

Celebrated Cape Verdean novelist and poet whose masterworks 'Chuva Braba' and 'Os Flagelados do Vento Leste' portrayed the heroic struggle of islanders against cyclical drought.

Mindelo, Cape Verde

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Philosophy & Thought

5

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Hisham Sharabi

هشام شرابي

Palestine

30 June 1927 – 13 January 2005 (77 years old)

Distinguished Palestinian sociologist and cultural critic who formulated the concept of 'neopatriarchy' in modern Arab society.

Beirut, Lebanon

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Politics

1

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Louis Robichaud

Ti-Louis

Canada

21 October 1925 – 6 January 2005 (79 years old)

Historic Acadian premier affectionately known as "Ti-Louis," whose revolutionary Equal Opportunity program and Official Languages Act ended systemic inequality in New Brunswick.

Saint-Antoine, Canada

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Politics

1

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Rashidi Kawawa

Rashidi Mfaume Kawawa

Tanzania

1926-02-15 – 2004-12-31 (78 years old)

Legendary trade union pioneer and statesman known as 'Simba wa Vita' (The Lion of War) who served as Prime Minister and Vice-President, driving the implementation of Ujamaa villagization.

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Sports & Athletics

33

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Reggie White

Reginald Howard White

United States

19 December 1961 – 26 December 2004 (43 years old)

Reginald Howard 'Reggie' White, celebrated as 'The Minister of Defense', was one of the most dominant and terrifying defensive linemen in NFL history, recording 198 career sacks and winning Super Bowl XXXI with the Green Bay Packers. An ordained Christian minister, he served as the lead plaintiff in the landmark 1993 antitrust lawsuit (White v. NFL) that established true unrestricted free agency for professional football players.

Cornelius, North Carolina, United States

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Literature & Poetry

35

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Mahmoud Messadi

محمود المسعدي

Tunisia

1911 – 2004 (93 years old)

Distinguished Tunisian existentialist writer, educator, and statesman who served as Minister of National Education and Minister of Culture, celebrated for his philosophical masterworks 'Essoud' (The Dam) and 'Thus Spoke Abu Huraira'.

Sidi Bou Said, Tunisia

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Arts & Music

35

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M. S. Subbulakshmi

മധുരൈ ഷൺമുഖവടിവ് സുബ്ബലക്ഷ്മി

India

1916 – 2004 (88 years old)

Pioneering Indian Carnatic classical vocalist hailed as 'The Queen of Song' by Jawaharlal Nehru, who became the first musician awarded the Bharat Ratna and first Indian to perform at the UN General Assembly.

Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India

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Media

1

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Pierre Berton

Pierre Francis de Marigny Berton

Canada

1920 – 2004 (84 years old)

Master popular historian, television star, and author whose fifty bestselling books, notably The National Dream, The Last Spike, and Klondike, brought Canadian history to life for millions of citizens.

Kleinburg (Vaughan, Ontario), Canada

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